What is an environmental impact assessment?

An environmental impact assessment is a comprehensive process designed to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project. This assessment aims to identify how the project may affect the natural surroundings, including the atmosphere, water sources, biodiversity, and ecosystems. It not only considers direct impacts but also indirect and cumulative effects over time.

The assessment involves several steps, including scoping, public involvement, impact analysis, and the development of mitigation strategies to minimize adverse effects. The ultimate goal is to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental consequences before proceeding with a project, promoting sustainability and responsible planning.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects that are not the core purpose of an environmental impact assessment. Evaluating project costs and financial returns is more aligned with economic analysis rather than the environmental implications. An assessment of social impacts, while important, is a separate discipline that may be included in broader impact assessments but does not encompass the full scope of environmental considerations.